無論在未來職場簡報，或者IELTS雅思考試，「描述圖表」都是一個重要的技能。然而，許多學員在做英文簡報時，遇到圖表往往只會說 As you can see, the sales went up.這樣單調的句子。在今天的學習文章裡，我們將從圖表的類型開始，解析圖表英文所需的字彙與句型，並且搭配實用的例子，說明如何精確且流暢地用英文描述圖表。無論你要增進未來職場簡報能力，或者準備雅思考試，相信都會很有幫助。好好背單字英文能力才更有機會提升！

目錄內容

一、圖表類型

在做簡報時，我們常用的圖表類型，以及適合表達的資訊有以下幾種：

1. 長條圖(bar graph)

主要功能：比較不同類別之間的數值差異。
具體例子：三家不同連鎖咖啡店(Fresh Cup、Comfort Brew、Craft Coffee Lab)在2025年的年度營收表現。

2.折線圖 (line graph)

主要功能：顯示隨時間變化的趨勢。
具體例子：某影音串流平台在 2020 年至 2025 年間的訂閱人數變化。

3.圓餅圖(pie chart)

主要功能：顯示各部分佔整體的比例。
具體例子：某大學的學生在課後時間的分配比例(社團、打工、學業、娛樂)。

二、圖表字彙與句型

針對不同的圖表，我們需要熟悉不同的字彙與句型。

1.描述趨勢(常用於折線圖)

在描述趨勢(例如串流平台訂閱人數變化)時，我們需要熟悉描述「上升」、「下降」、「震盪」等字彙。以下表格整理相關字彙：

	動詞或動詞片語	名詞或名詞片語
不變	remain stable, remain constant, level off	no change, a leveling off
振盪	fluctuate, move up and down	a fluctuation
低點	fall to a low point	a low point, a low
高點	reach a peak, reach a high	a peak, a high
上升	rise, increase, go up	a rise, an increase
下降	fall, drop, dip, decrease, decline	a fall, a drop, a dip, a decrease, a decline

在描述上升或下降時，我們可以進一步敘述「迅速」、「持續」、「緩慢」等程度。以下表格是相關字彙整理：

	副詞(放在動詞後)	形容詞(放在名詞前)
迅速	dramatically, significantly, sharply	dramatic, significant, sharp
持續	steadily, gradually	steady, gradual
緩慢	slightly, slowly	slight, slow

· There was a sharp increase in the number of subscribers between 2024 and 2025.
(2024到2025間，訂閱者數量大幅增加。)
· Sales are projected to rise steadily over the next quarter.
(銷售數字預計將在下一季持續成長。)
· Our market share reached a peak last year.
(我們的市場佔有率去年達到了高峰。)

2.進行比較(常用於長條圖與圓餅圖)

· Students spend most of their free time on entertainment.
(學生們花最多空閒時間在娛樂上。)
· Students spend more free time on part-time jobs than on club activities.
(學生花在兼職打工上的課餘時間比社團活動還多。)
· The revenue of our downtown branch outperformed that of our suburban branch by nearly 50%.
(我們市中心分店的營收勝過我們郊區分店營收將近 50%。)

3.描述比例(常用於圓餅圖)

· The pie chart is divided into four main categories.
(這個圓餅圖是由四個主要類別組成的。)
· The largest segment of the chart consists of students who prioritize affordability.
(圖中最大的部分是由優先考量可負擔性的學生構成。)
· Social media usage accounts for 40% of the total screen time.
(社群媒體使用佔了總螢幕時間的 40%。)

三、實際簡報範例

讓我們利用這些字彙與句型，描述上面看到的圖表。

長條圖：

Let's take a look at this bar graph, which illustrates the annual revenue of three coffee shops for 2025. As you can see on the horizontal axis, we have Fresh Cup, Comfort Brew, and Craft Coffee Lab. The vertical axis represents the revenue in millions of dollars. It is clear that Fresh Cup is the market leader, producing an annual revenue of 72 million. In contrast, Comfort Brew recorded the lowest performance, generating only 48 million. Craft Coffee Lab falls comfortably between the two, with a total of 60 million, significantly outperforming Comfort Brew but still lagging behind Fresh Cup by 12 million. These figures suggest that while Fresh Cup dominates the scene, Craft Coffee Lab is a strong competitor, while Comfort Brew has significant room for growth.

折線圖：

Let's take a look at this line graph, which displays the growth of subscribers of our streaming service from 2020 to 2025. The trend over the past five years has been overall positive, but with some notable fluctuations. Starting in 2020, we saw a gradual rise in subscribers as people spent more time at home. However, between 2022 and 2023, the growth rate began to level off, creating a noticeable plateau. This stabilization was primarily due to increased competition in the market. Fortunately, after we launched our original content series in early 2024, the numbers started to soar, reaching a peak of 10 million. Although there was a slight dip at the beginning of 2025, the figures have since stabilized. In short, despite the mid-period stagnation, our long-term growth remains robust.

圓餅圖：

Let's take a look at how students at this university spend their time after class, as shown in this pie chart. The data is divided into four main categories: part-time jobs, academic study, club activities, and entertainment. The largest segment, accounting for 35% of the total, is dedicated to entertainment. This is closely followed by academic study, which constitutes 30% of their time. It is interesting to note that part-time jobs now comprise a significant 20%, reflecting the increasing financial independence of the younger generation. In contrast, club activities represent the smallest slice of the pie, at only 15%. This suggests a decline in traditional campus social life compared to previous decades. When we look at the chart as a whole, it is evident that students prioritize leisure and academics, but work is becoming a larger part of their daily routine.

四、簡報圖表英文常見錯誤

在描述圖表時，學員常犯以下幾個錯誤：

1. 介系詞使用錯誤

(X) The sales increased at 10% last quarter.
(Ö) The sales increased by 10% last quarter.

2. 動詞時態不統一

如果是描述過去的數據(如2023年)，需使用過去式。如果是描述現狀或事實，則通常使用現在式。

3. 缺少轉折語 (transition phrases)

適當使用in contrast (相反地)、in addition (此外)、similarly (同樣地)等轉折語來銜接句子，會讓報告聽起來更流暢、更專業。

五、練習

觀察下方的圓餅圖，並利用本文學到的字彙與句型加以描述，

This pie chart shows the primary factors that university students consider when purchasing a new laptop. There are four main criteria: price, performance, portability, and brand. By far, the most significant factor is price, which accounts for nearly half of the total at 45%. The second most important consideration is performance and specifications, making up 25% of the chart. Portability also plays a crucial role, representing 20% of the total. Interestingly, brand and design constitute the smallest fraction, at only 10%. In summary, the data clearly shows that affordability is the leading priority, followed by a balance of power and convenience.

結論
我們在今天的學習文章裡，整理常見的圖表類型，以及描述這些圖表所需要的字彙與句型。如果學員們想學習更多簡報英文，我們推薦巨匠美語的商用英文課程。
跟著巨匠美語一起，持續探索更多商用英文的關鍵之鑰，讓你的英文表達更專業！巨匠與專業的字彙老師合作，將字彙結合聽說讀寫等課堂遊戲，讓你用有趣的方式，有效率地學習英文字彙。