「因此」不只 therefore！六種替代用法，提升你的英文流暢度！
當我們要表達「因此」或「所以」的時候，許多學員都會想到therefore了。可是除了therefore之外，表達類似概念的還有so、thus、hence、consequently等等。該如何使用這些字詞？
它們之間的有那些差異？在這篇學習文章中，我們將一次告訴你！
•So：連接詞
So當作連接詞表示「因此」時，需放在兩個句子的中間。
例句：
• I haven't eaten all day, so I'm very hungry.
(我一整天都沒吃東西，所以我現在很餓。)
• I was worried about you, so I thought I'd just give you a call.
(我很擔心你，所以我想說打個電話給你。)
• I was feeling hungry, so I made myself some pasta.
(我覺得餓了，所以煮了一些義大利麵給自己吃。)
•Therefore：副詞
作為副詞，therefore在句中的位置相對靈活有彈性。
例句：
• Amy had a lot of experience. Therefore, she seemed the best candidate for the job.
• Amy had a lot of experience and therefore seemed the best candidate for the job.
•Amy had a lot of experience. She seemed, therefore, the best candidate for the job.
(Amy 有豐富的經驗，所以她看起來是這份工作的最佳人選。)
•So 與therefore的差異
1. So是連接詞，可以用逗點連接兩個句子。Therefore是副詞，不能用逗點連接兩個句子。
(O) I had a serious backache, so I went to a doctor.
(X) I had a serious backache, therefore I went to a doctor.
(我背痛得很厲害，所以去看了醫生。)
2. So的使用頻率最高，經常出現於口語跟寫作。Therefore比較正式，通常使用於寫作。
例句：
• We were hungry, so we got some snacks.
(我們餓了，所以吃了一些零食。)
• Today's children eat more junk food and exercise less than previous generations of children. It is not surprising, therefore, that rates of childhood obesity are on the increase.
(現在的孩子吃更多垃圾食物，運動卻比過去幾代的孩子更少。因此，兒童肥胖率上升也就不足為奇了。)
•Thus：副詞。正式用語。
Thus是副詞，比therefore更正式。
例句：
• The company is planning to reduce staff and thus to cut costs.
(該公司正計劃裁員，從而降低成本。)
•Most of the evidence was destroyed in the fire. Thus, it would be almost impossible to prove her guilty.
(大部分的證據都在火災中被毀了。因此，要證明她有罪幾乎是不可能的。)
•Hence：副詞。正式用語。
Hence是副詞，也比therefore更正式。Hence的後面經常接名詞或名詞片語。
例句：
• The president is attending the conference, hence all the extra security.
(總統將會出席會議，所以才會有這麼多額外的警衛。)
•The firm is owned by Michael Tomlinson, hence the name - MT Advertising.
(這家公司由Michael Tomlinson擁有，因此得名MT 廣告公司。)
•Consequently：副詞。
Consequently是副詞，表示某件事的直接結果。
例句：
•Tony spent most of his salary in the first week and consequently had very little to spare by the end of the month.
(東尼在第一週花掉了大部分的薪水，因此到了月底幾乎沒有多餘的錢可用。)
• Many children now spend their free time online instead of playing outside. Consequently, more and more of them are becoming overweight.
(現在許多小孩把他們的空閒時間花在上網，而不是在戶外玩耍。因此，越來越多孩子變得過重。)
•As a result：副詞片語
As a result是副詞片語，意思等同於consequently。
例句：
• Jobs are hard to get and, as a result, more young people are continuing their education.
(工作難找，因此越來越多年輕人選擇繼續升學。)
• Many parents today do not have time to cook healthy meals for their children. As a result, many children grow up eating too much junk food.
(現在許多家長沒有時間為孩子烹煮健康的餐點，因此許多孩子從小就吃過多的垃圾食物。)
•Accordingly：副詞
Accordingly是副詞，意思等同於therefore，不過比therefore更正式與少見。
例句：
•The cost of materials rose sharply last year. Accordingly, we were forced to increase our prices.
(材料成本去年大幅上升，因此我們被迫提高售價。))
• There aren't many jobs available now. Accordingly, companies receive hundreds of résumés for every opening.
(現在工作機會不多。因此，每個職缺都會收到數百份履歷。)
Accordingly的另一個意思是「依照…地」或「相應地」，通常用於句尾。跟上面作為therefore的意思相比，accordingly當作「相應地」的意思比較常見。
例句：
•Dennis is an expert in his field, and is paid accordingly.
(Dennis 是該領域的專家，因此獲得相應的報酬。)
•When we receive your instructions, we will act accordingly.
(當我們收到您的指示時，我們將會照辦。)
練習
選擇正確答案。
1. Please select a shipping method from the dropdown menu, and we will process your order _____.
(A) so
(B) as a result
(C) accordingly
(D) consequently
2. Amy had been sick for a few weeks, _____ I sent her some flowers to cheer her up.
(A) so
(B) as a result
(C) accordingly
(D) consequently
3. Several members have not replied for over three years, and their names have _____ been removed from the mailing list.
(A) so
(B) therefore
(C) according to
(D) as a result of
解析
1. 根據語意，客戶選擇運送方式後，該公司將會依此(以客戶指定的方式)處理訂單，所以答案為(C) accordingly。
整句話的意思是：請從下拉選單中選擇一種運送方式，我們將會依此處理您的訂單。
2. 根據文法，空格裡需為「連接詞」，所以答案為(A) so。
整句話的意思是：Amy病了幾個星期，所以我送她一些花來讓她振作起來。
3. 根據文法，空格裡需為「副詞」，所以答案為(B) therefore。
整句話的意思是：有幾位成員超過三年都沒有回覆，因此他們的名字已從電郵名單中移除。
(C)與(D)錯誤：according to與as a result of後面都需要接名詞。
結論
本篇學習文章解釋各種「因此」字詞的用法與差異。如果學員想完整學習英文文法，我們推薦巨匠美語的文法課程。
巨匠與專業的文法老師合作，將文法結合聽說讀寫等課堂遊戲，讓你用有趣的方式，有效率地學習英文文法。
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