【雅思考試】雅思寫作高分秘訣？掌握四個重點提升硬實力！

在雅思準備過程中，IELTS雅思寫作是多數考生感到最棘手的考試項目。考生要在一個小時內，回答兩題性質不同的題目：writing task 1 (圖表題)與writing task 2(申論題)。要拿到高分，學員考試中該如何分配時間？考前該如何訓練？有哪些解題技巧？要注意哪些扣分雷區？在這篇文章中，我們將一次告訴你。

一、雅思寫作：考試中時間分配

•看題目＋分析圖表：3-4分鐘
•寫作(150字以上)：13-15分鐘
•文字校對：2-3分鐘

•分析題目＋腦力激盪：5-7分鐘
•寫作(250字以上)：30-32分鐘
•文字校對：3-4分鐘

二、Task 1(圖表題)

A.考前如何準備

學員平時練習時，需要熟悉常見的圖表類型以及重點：

雖然圖表題的主題變化很大，不過考生經常需要描述圖表中的「趨勢」或進行「比較」，所以學員需要熟悉這兩類的字彙。
 
趨勢動詞
—increase / rise / grow
—decrease / fall / decline
—remain stable
—fluctuate
 
比較用語
—higher than / lower than
—similar to
—by contrast / whereas

•第一段：簡述圖表的目的(introduction)。
•第二段：說明圖表中的第一個趨勢(overall trend)與相關的數字細節(detail) 。
•第三段：說明圖表中的第二個趨勢(overall trend)與相關的數字細節(detail) 。

如果圖表中還有更多的趨勢，再寫新的段落。

B. Task 1解題技巧

根據題目敘述與圖表，判斷要寫甚麼內容。讓我們看以下例子：

The graph below shows the figures for CFC emissions in four countries between 2005 and 2009.
 
Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

折線圖呈現四個國家從2005到2009五年間的CFC排放量。因此根據題目，考生要比較四個國家CFC排放量變化的趨勢。

利用「換句話說」(paraphrasing)的技巧，學員將題目句改寫為The line graph shows the amount of CFC emissions produced by four different countries from 2005 to 2009. 學員可以參考「換句話說」的學習文章(https://www.soeasyedu.com.tw/blog/ielts/paraphrasing)

仔細觀察後，我們發現圖中的主要趨勢為：
 
•除了印度之外，其它國家的CFC排放量減少。
•印度的CFC排放量逐年增加。
 
以下是完整的答案內容：

The main point to note is that CFC emissions went down in all countries except India. Germany saw a gradual decrease in emissions from 2006, falling from around 850 to just under 800 metric tons annually. However, the falls in Russia and Japan occurred more suddenly. Both countries saw a drop in emissions in 2008. Before this time, Japan had been producing a fairly constant level of emissions, around 1,400 metric tons each year, whereas emissions from Russia had been gradually increasing until 2008.
 
Another important feature to note is that emissions in India, by contrast, increased over the same period. In 2005, India produced just under 1,200 metric tons, but by 2009, this had increased to over 1,500 metric tons. In 2005, India produced fewer emissions than Japan and Russia, but in 2009, both Russia and India were producing equal amounts of emissions, just over 1,500 metric tons.

C. Task 1誤區(容易被扣分的地方)

有些考生心理緊張，看完圖表就直接寫裡面的內容。可是完整的答案，一定要包含Introduction，告訴讀者圖表的主題與目的。如果考生沒寫Introduction，在Task Achievement這個評分項目會直接被扣分。

答案至少要150字。如果考生直接抄題目內容的話，字數會被扣除，不計入答案的字數，學員一定要注意。

有些考生以為「解釋」圖表內容會增加字數或得到比較高的分數。可是圖表題重點是「描述」內容。如果考生試圖去解釋印度CFC排放量逐年增加的原因，就答非所問了。

三.Task 2(申論題)

A. 考前如何準備

雖然申論題的主題變化豐富，不過常見的題型有以下幾種：

申論題的答案通常寫四段。以「意見題」(Opinion)為例，分段如下：
•第一段：針對題目，簡述你的意見(introduction)。
•第二段：提供解釋或例子，支持你的意見(first body paragraph)。
•第三段：反駁與你的意見相反的立場(second body paragraph)。
•第四段：結論(conclusion)。
 
如果是Advantages / Disadvantages的題型，第二段寫Advantages，第三段寫Disadvantages。
 
3. 熟悉常考主題
學員可以藉由聽力或閱讀，充實對於以下常考主題的素養，考試時比較容易想出內容：
 
— Education
— Technology
— Environment
— Work & career
— Gender equality
— Health
— Government policy

B. Task 2解題技巧

1. 判斷題型
有些學員想把握時間趕快寫，卻沒有仔細看問題判斷題型。我們建議學員至少要利用五分鐘的時間，仔細看完題目與判斷題型，想好要如何回答，並且想出一兩個點子後再開始寫內容。
 
2. 立場明確
Task 2最常出現的題型是「意見題」。考生在Introduction需明確表達立場。以下面題目為例：

Most high-level positions in companies are filled by men even though the workforce in many developed countries is more than 50 per cent female. Companies should be required to allocate a certain percentage of these positions to women.
To what extent do you agree?

題目問考生是否贊成「公司應該被要求分配特定比例的高層主管職務給女性」。考生應該明確寫I agree或I disagree。如果考生寫I agree to some extent的話，也可能會被閱卷官認為答案不切題喔。

Task 2答案最少250字，我們建議考生寫到270-280字就好，因此Introduction大約70-80字就好。
考生需要：(1) 改寫題目；(2) 表達立場。根據上面的例題，範例Introduction如下：

In many countries these days, females make up over 50 per cent of the workforce, and increasingly highly skilled women are taking managerial positions. However, it is still a fact that high positions such as CEO jobs are still dominated by men. Although this is not desirable, I do not personally believe that imposed quotas are the solution.

學員寫body paragraph可以運用這個基本原則：「one clear idea (主題句)＋支持句」。根據上面的例題，我們的body paragraph可以這樣寫：

Firstly, I believe companies have a right to choose the best person for the job, whatever their gender, in order to contribute to the success of their business. Forcing companies to hire, promote and appoint women could negatively affect business in the short term and even in the long term.

Secondly, to my mind the solution to this problem should be solved outside the workplace. Girls need to be encouraged to take more male-dominated subjects at school and later at university, and to aspire to do well in their careers. Girls and boys also need to be taught equality from an early age. This education can take place in schools and career programs and in the home.

;我們可以看到，兩個body paragraphs各自都只論述一個概念，然後進一步解釋與支持這個概念。當然body paragraph還有更仔細的寫法。學員可以參考我們之前的學習文章(https://www.soeasyedu.com.tw/blog/ielts/increase-word-count)。

C. Task 2誤區(容易被扣分的地方)

許多考生想盡量使用高階字彙，或者讓自己的想法看起來更有說服力，所以使用了許多陳腔濫調(cliché)或諺語(proverb)。例子：
 
陳腔濫調
— in the modern era / with the development of technology
— in a nutshell (通常用於口說而不是學術寫作)
— two-edged sword / double-edged sword
— all things considered
— a highly controversial issue
 
諺語
— There are two sides to every story.
— Many hands make light work.
— All that glitters is not gold.

也許這些陳腔濫調或者諺語恰好表達考生的意思，不過雅思閱卷官已經看過太多這些字詞，所以他們可能會認為考生只是把這些字詞背誦起來塞到文章裡面，而不是使用自己的話。所以，如果考生想讓自己的文句看起來更自然，應該多使用自己的話。

許多考生認為，使用越多複雜句型，寫作成績就會越高。不過如果誤用這些句型，他們的句子將會難以理解。讓我們看以下例子：

The male rats that were from the same colony as those with symptoms of the disease, but which do not show sign of the disease, were used as the control group.

對多數人(即使是母語人士)來說，他們都需要讀過兩次，才能夠理解這個句子的意義。不過如果簡化這個句子，它的意思將會清楚許多，如下：

The symptom-free male rats were used as the control group. These rats were from the same colony as the rats showing symptoms of the disease.

<如果考生能夠利用高階的句型，表達複雜微妙的概念，那麼考生的確能夠獲得高分。不過如果簡單句可以清楚表達的概念，考生也試圖利用複雜句去寫的話，可能會讓閱卷官難以理解，反而得到一個比較低的分數。

多數考生學過許多文法，也做過許多文法練習題。不過在雅思寫作考試當下，一方面要想著自己的文句是否適切地回答問題，另一方面又要使用適當的字彙去表達自己的想法，許多文法錯誤就這樣產生。根據我們的經驗，以下是考生在寫作中常犯的文法錯誤：

— 冠詞(a, an, the)
— 主詞與動詞一致性
— 時態以及主動被動語態
— 片斷句(sentence fragment): (X) Because solar energy is clean and sustainable.
— 平行結構(parallel structure): (X) Many businesspeople are task-oriented and hard-work.
 
了解這些常見的文法錯誤後，考生可以利用多練習與檢查來避免這些錯誤。