放假了，要出國旅行，好興奮喔！「我好興奮」的英文是I’m exciting還是I’m excited呢？那些動詞可以加-ing或-ed變成分詞形容詞？它們的意思又哪裡不同？我們今天就要帶大家來了解「分詞形容詞」這個重要的多益文法。
「分詞」基本概念
分詞形容詞是由動詞衍伸而來。動詞的分詞型態有兩種：
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現在分詞：動詞字尾加-ing，例如：traveling、baking、exercising。
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過去分詞：規則動詞字尾加-ed，例如：watched、roasted、established。不規則動詞的過去分詞則需要個別記憶，例如：find → found、break → broken、make → made。
現在分詞可用情境
現在分詞可用於多種情境，包括：
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進行式
• Ted is traveling around the world. (Ted正在環遊世界。)
• The children were playing when the teacher came in. (老師進教室時，學生們都在玩。)
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動名詞(現在分詞當作名詞)
• Smoking is unhealthy. (吸菸不健康。)
• Julia enjoys swimming. (Julia喜歡游泳。)
過去分詞可用情境
過去分詞也用於多種情境，包括：
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完成式
• Their plane has landed. (他們的班機降落了。)
• The bus had left when I got to the bus stop. (我到公車站時，公車已經走了。)
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被動語態
• The church was built in the 16th century. (那座教堂建於十六世紀。)
• Amber wants to be invited to the party. (Amber想被邀請去參加派對。)
什麼是「分詞形容詞」
從上面的說明與例句，我們看到分詞除了可以當作動詞時態的一部分，也可以當作名詞。除此之外，分詞也可以當作「形容詞」，用來描述名詞。例子：
• That movie is exciting. (那部電影很刺激。)
• It was an amusing show. (那場秀很好看。)
• We are delighted to see you again. (我們很高興再度看到你。)
• Our tired workers need some rest. (我們疲憊的員工需要休息。)
許多動詞的現在分詞與過去分詞都可以當作分詞形容詞，例如：embarrass (使尷尬) → embarrassing / embarrassed、disappoint (使失望) → disappointing / disappointed。大家一定很好奇，現在分詞與過去分詞的形容詞，有甚麼意義上的差異呢？
現在分詞：「讓人(感到)......的」，描述導致某種情緒的「原因」。
例句：
• That is an embarrassing question. (那是個令人尷尬的問題。)
• That news is disappointing. (那個新聞很令人失望。)
過去分詞：「感到......的」，描述感到某種情緒的「人」。
例句：
• I feel embarrassed. (我覺得很尷尬。)
• We all feel disappointed. (我們都覺得很失望。)
我們也可以把這兩種分詞形容詞寫在一起，這樣可以更容易理解它們在意義上的不同。
• The meeting was so boring. Some people were so bored that they even fell asleep. (那個會議好無聊。有些人甚至無聊到睡著。)
• Danny is interested in animals, so he found that book very interesting. (Danny對動物很有興趣，所以他覺得那本書很有趣。)
回到這篇文章一開始的情境。放假要出國去玩，我們覺得很興奮，英文要說I'm excited才對喔。
使用分詞形容詞時的常見錯誤
在學到過去分詞的意思是「感到......的」之後，許多學員會直覺地認為，只要分詞形容詞所形容的名詞是「人」的話，做題目時就直接選「過去分詞」就好了，因為只有「人」才能感覺到情緒。可是讓我們看以下的例句：
The guest speaker was so ______________ (bore). Many people felt asleep in his talk.
在上面的例子裡，如果我們在空格裡填bored的話，整題的意思就變成「那個客座演說者覺得好無聊。許多人在他演講時睡著。」可是很明顯的，整題的意思是很多人因為講者很令人無聊的關係而睡著。所以空格裡應該要填的是現在分詞boring。
這類的錯誤經常出現在boring / bored、interesting / interested、confusing / confused這幾個字。如果學員真的想要節省時間，一個快速判斷的方法是：
如果形容詞描述的名詞是「事物」的話，大多數狀況之下用「現在分詞」。不過如果形容詞描述的名詞是「人」的話，必須了解整句話的意思，才能判斷要使用哪種分詞形容詞。
25組常見的分詞形容詞
在大家了解分詞形容詞的概念後，我們在下表整理25組常見的分詞形容詞。
|
原形動詞
|
中譯
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現在分詞
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過去分詞
|
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alarm
|
令擔心或害怕
|
alarming
|
alarmed
|
|
amaze
|
使驚奇
|
amazing
|
amazed
|
|
amuse
|
使開心
|
amusing
|
amused
|
|
annoy
|
煩擾;打攪
|
annoying
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annoyed
|
|
confuse
|
使困惑
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confusing
|
confused
|
|
depress
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使沮喪
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depressing
|
depressed
|
|
delight
|
使高興
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delighting
|
delighted
|
|
disgust
|
使反感
|
disgusting
|
disgusted
|
|
disturb
|
使煩惱
|
disturbing
|
disturbed
|
|
entertain
|
使快樂
|
entertaining
|
entertained
|
|
exhaust
|
使筋疲力竭
|
exhausting
|
exhausted
|
|
fascinate
|
深深吸引
|
fascinating
|
fascinated
|
|
frighten
|
使害怕
|
frightening
|
frightened
|
|
inspire
|
激勵
|
inspiring
|
inspired
|
|
irritate
|
激怒
|
irritating
|
irritated
|
|
please
|
使開心
|
pleasing
|
pleased
|
|
relax
|
使放鬆
|
relaxing
|
relaxed
|
|
satisfy
|
使滿意
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satisfying
|
satisfied
|
|
shock
|
使震驚
|
shocking
|
shocked
|
|
startle
|
使受驚
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startling
|
startled
|
|
stimulate
|
使興奮
|
stimulating
|
stimulated
|
|
surprise
|
使感到意外
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surprising
|
surprised
|
|
terrify
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使害怕
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terrifying
|
terrified
|
|
touch
|
使感動
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touching
|
touched
|
|
worry
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使焦慮
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worrying
|
worried
|
小練習
在以下的練習題裡，請大家圈出正確的分詞形容詞。
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He was (amusing / amused) to hear his little son singing in the bath.
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A nice hot bath is so (relaxing / relaxed) after a long day.
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I find these instructions very (confusing / confused)! Could you come and help me?
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Julie was so (exhausting / exhausted) after her exams, so she spent the next three days sleeping.
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John was (fascinating / fascinated) by his grandmother's stories of life in the 1950s.
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It is (frustrating / frustrated) when you want to say something in another language, but you don't know the exact word.
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We were (shocking / shocked) when our coworkers admitted stealing some money.
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My little daughter is (terrifying / terrified) of the dark. We always leave a light on in her room at night.
答案：(請反白)
1. amused; 2. relaxing; 3. confusing; 4. exhausted; 5. fascinated; 6. frustrating; 7. shocked; 8. terrified
多益實戰演練
1. By the time they reached the summit, the hikers were ____________.
(A) exhaust
(B) exhausted
(C) exhausting
(D) to exhaust
解析：(請反白)
空格裡的形容詞修飾hikers(登山客)。登山客會感到某種情緒，所以選過去分詞，故選(B)。整句話的意思是：那些登山客爬上山頂後都感到非常疲倦。
2. My eyes are sore from making these ____________ calculations.
(A) tired
(B) tire
(C) tiring
(D) tire out
解析：(請反白)
空格裡的形容詞修飾事物calculations(計算)，是導致某種情緒的原因，所以應該選現在分詞，故選(C)。整句話的意思是：這些令人疲累的計算讓我的眼睛好酸。
3. The TV program contains scenes that may be ____________ to some viewers.
(A) disturb
(B) disturbed
(C) disturbing
(D) to disturb
解析：(請反白)
空格裡的形容詞修飾事物scenes(場景)，是導致某種情緒的原因，所以應該選現在分詞，故選(C)。整句話的意思是：那齣電視節目可能會有一些使某些觀眾感到不適的場景。
結論
本篇文章說明分詞形容詞的用法。如果學員想完整地學習英文文法，我們推薦巨匠美語的文法或多益課程。巨匠與專業的老師合作，將文法結合聽說讀寫等課堂遊戲，讓你用有趣的方式，有效率地學習英文文法。