【多益必考文法】I'm exciting錯在哪?破解形容詞的主被動!
                        
                        
                        放假了,要出國旅行,好興奮喔!「我好興奮」的英文是I’m exciting還是I’m excited呢?那些動詞可以加-ing或-ed變成分詞形容詞?它們的意思又哪裡不同?我們今天就要帶大家來了解「分詞形容詞」這個重要的多益文法。
                     
                    
                    
                        
「分詞」基本概念
分詞形容詞是由動詞衍伸而來。動詞的分詞型態有兩種:
	- 
	現在分詞:動詞字尾加-ing,例如:traveling、baking、exercising。 
- 
	過去分詞:規則動詞字尾加-ed,例如:watched、roasted、established。不規則動詞的過去分詞則需要個別記憶,例如:find → found、break → broken、make → made。 
現在分詞可用情境
現在分詞可用於多種情境,包括:
	- 
	進行式
 • Ted is traveling around the world. (Ted正在環遊世界。)
 • The children were playing when the teacher came in. (老師進教室時,學生們都在玩。)
 
- 
	動名詞(現在分詞當作名詞)
 • Smoking is unhealthy. (吸菸不健康。)
 • Julia enjoys swimming. (Julia喜歡游泳。)
 
過去分詞可用情境
過去分詞也用於多種情境,包括:
	- 
	完成式
 • Their plane has landed. (他們的班機降落了。)
 • The bus had left when I got to the bus stop. (我到公車站時,公車已經走了。)
 
- 
	被動語態
 • The church was built in the 16th century. (那座教堂建於十六世紀。)
 • Amber wants to be invited to the party. (Amber想被邀請去參加派對。)
 
什麼是「分詞形容詞」
從上面的說明與例句,我們看到分詞除了可以當作動詞時態的一部分,也可以當作名詞。除此之外,分詞也可以當作「形容詞」,用來描述名詞。例子:
• That movie is exciting. (那部電影很刺激。)
• It was an amusing show. (那場秀很好看。)
• We are delighted to see you again. (我們很高興再度看到你。)
• Our tired workers need some rest. (我們疲憊的員工需要休息。)
許多動詞的現在分詞與過去分詞都可以當作分詞形容詞,例如:embarrass (使尷尬) → embarrassing / embarrassed、disappoint (使失望) → disappointing / disappointed。大家一定很好奇,現在分詞與過去分詞的形容詞,有甚麼意義上的差異呢?
現在分詞:「讓人(感到)......的」,描述導致某種情緒的「原因」。
例句:
• That is an embarrassing question. (那是個令人尷尬的問題。)
• That news is disappointing. (那個新聞很令人失望。)
過去分詞:「感到......的」,描述感到某種情緒的「人」。
例句:
• I feel embarrassed. (我覺得很尷尬。)
• We all feel disappointed. (我們都覺得很失望。)
我們也可以把這兩種分詞形容詞寫在一起,這樣可以更容易理解它們在意義上的不同。
• The meeting was so boring. Some people were so bored that they even fell asleep. (那個會議好無聊。有些人甚至無聊到睡著。)
• Danny is interested in animals, so he found that book very interesting. (Danny對動物很有興趣,所以他覺得那本書很有趣。)
回到這篇文章一開始的情境。放假要出國去玩,我們覺得很興奮,英文要說I'm excited才對喔。
使用分詞形容詞時的常見錯誤
在學到過去分詞的意思是「感到......的」之後,許多學員會直覺地認為,只要分詞形容詞所形容的名詞是「人」的話,做題目時就直接選「過去分詞」就好了,因為只有「人」才能感覺到情緒。可是讓我們看以下的例句:
The guest speaker was so ______________ (bore). Many people felt asleep in his talk.
在上面的例子裡,如果我們在空格裡填bored的話,整題的意思就變成「那個客座演說者覺得好無聊。許多人在他演講時睡著。」可是很明顯的,整題的意思是很多人因為講者很令人無聊的關係而睡著。所以空格裡應該要填的是現在分詞boring。
這類的錯誤經常出現在boring / bored、interesting / interested、confusing / confused這幾個字。如果學員真的想要節省時間,一個快速判斷的方法是:
如果形容詞描述的名詞是「事物」的話,大多數狀況之下用「現在分詞」。不過如果形容詞描述的名詞是「人」的話,必須了解整句話的意思,才能判斷要使用哪種分詞形容詞。
25組常見的分詞形容詞
在大家了解分詞形容詞的概念後,我們在下表整理25組常見的分詞形容詞。
	
		
			| 原形動詞 | 中譯 | 現在分詞 | 過去分詞 | 
		
			| alarm | 令擔心或害怕 | alarming | alarmed | 
		
			| amaze | 使驚奇 | amazing | amazed | 
		
			| amuse | 使開心 | amusing | amused | 
		
			| annoy | 煩擾;打攪 | annoying | annoyed | 
		
			| confuse | 使困惑 | confusing | confused | 
		
			| depress | 使沮喪 | depressing | depressed | 
		
			| delight | 使高興 | delighting | delighted | 
		
			| disgust | 使反感 | disgusting | disgusted | 
		
			| disturb | 使煩惱 | disturbing | disturbed | 
		
			| entertain | 使快樂 | entertaining | entertained | 
		
			| exhaust | 使筋疲力竭 | exhausting | exhausted | 
		
			| fascinate | 深深吸引 | fascinating | fascinated | 
		
			| frighten | 使害怕 | frightening | frightened | 
		
			| inspire | 激勵 | inspiring | inspired | 
		
			| irritate | 激怒 | irritating | irritated | 
		
			| please | 使開心 | pleasing | pleased | 
		
			| relax | 使放鬆 | relaxing | relaxed | 
		
			| satisfy | 使滿意 | satisfying | satisfied | 
		
			| shock | 使震驚 | shocking | shocked | 
		
			| startle | 使受驚 | startling | startled | 
		
			| stimulate | 使興奮 | stimulating | stimulated | 
		
			| surprise | 使感到意外 | surprising | surprised | 
		
			| terrify | 使害怕 | terrifying | terrified | 
		
			| touch | 使感動 | touching | touched | 
		
			| worry | 使焦慮 | worrying | worried | 
	
   
小練習
在以下的練習題裡,請大家圈出正確的分詞形容詞。
	- 
	He was (amusing / amused) to hear his little son singing in the bath. 
- 
	A nice hot bath is so (relaxing / relaxed) after a long day. 
- 
	I find these instructions very (confusing / confused)! Could you come and help me? 
- 
	Julie was so (exhausting / exhausted) after her exams, so she spent the next three days sleeping. 
- 
	John was (fascinating / fascinated) by his grandmother's stories of life in the 1950s. 
- 
	It is (frustrating / frustrated) when you want to say something in another language, but you don't know the exact word. 
- 
	We were (shocking / shocked) when our coworkers admitted stealing some money. 
- 
	My little daughter is (terrifying / terrified) of the dark. We always leave a light on in her room at night. 
答案:(請反白)
1. amused; 2. relaxing; 3. confusing; 4. exhausted; 5. fascinated; 6. frustrating; 7. shocked; 8. terrified
多益實戰演練
1. By the time they reached the summit, the hikers were ____________.
(A) exhaust
(B) exhausted
(C) exhausting
(D) to exhaust
解析:(請反白)
空格裡的形容詞修飾hikers(登山客)。登山客會感到某種情緒,所以選過去分詞,故選(B)。整句話的意思是:那些登山客爬上山頂後都感到非常疲倦。
 
2. My eyes are sore from making these ____________ calculations.
(A) tired
(B) tire
(C) tiring
(D) tire out
解析:(請反白)
空格裡的形容詞修飾事物calculations(計算),是導致某種情緒的原因,所以應該選現在分詞,故選(C)。整句話的意思是:這些令人疲累的計算讓我的眼睛好酸。
 
3. The TV program contains scenes that may be ____________ to some viewers.
(A) disturb
(B) disturbed
(C) disturbing
(D) to disturb
解析:(請反白)
空格裡的形容詞修飾事物scenes(場景),是導致某種情緒的原因,所以應該選現在分詞,故選(C)。整句話的意思是:那齣電視節目可能會有一些使某些觀眾感到不適的場景。
 
結論
本篇文章說明分詞形容詞的用法。如果學員想完整地學習英文文法,我們推薦巨匠美語的文法或多益課程。巨匠與專業的老師合作,將文法結合聽說讀寫等課堂遊戲,讓你用有趣的方式,有效率地學習英文文法。
                    
                    
		
        
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
        
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