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Well, you may have heard about Angelina Jolie's brave and unexpected announcement today that she recently had a double mastectomy,
你可能已經聽說了安潔莉娜．裘莉今天發布的那份勇敢而出人意料的聲明，指稱她近來接受了雙乳切除手術，

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not because she has cancer, but as a way to prevent it.
不是因為她罹患了癌症，而是藉此預防癌症。

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In an op-ed published in the New York Times, Jolie revealed that she has a genetic mutation that greatly increases her risk for breast cancer and ovarian cancer.
在一篇刊登於《紐約時報》的專欄文章裡，裘莉揭露自己帶有一種基因變異，大幅提高她罹患乳癌與卵巢癌的風險。

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Incredibly personal information, obviously, that she chose to make public.
顯然她選擇公開的這件事情是極度私密的資訊。

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Hers is one of the most recognizable faces in the world.
她是全球最家喻戶曉的人物之一。

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As well known for her beauty as she is for her acting, the 37-year-old Angelina Jolie is a very public figure
三十七歲的安潔莉娜．裘莉不但以演戲聞名，也以其美貌著稱，她是一位非常公眾化的人物，

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who has been fighting a private battle for the past three months,
過去三個月來卻打著一場私人戰役，

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a battle against the same cancer that took her mother's life when she was 56 years old.
對抗她母親在五十六歲那年奪走她生命的那種癌症。

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"I carry a faulty gene," Jolie writes in the New York Times, "which sharply increases my risk of developing breast cancer and ovarian cancer."
「我帶有一種有缺陷的基因，」裘莉在《紐約時報》中寫道：「這種基因大幅提高了我罹患乳癌與卵巢癌的風險。」

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Jolie's mother died in 2007 after a seven-and-a-half-year battle with ovarian cancer.
裘莉的母親與卵巢癌對抗七年半之後，於二○○七年去世。

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Doctors tested Jolie and determined she has an 87 percent chance of developing breast cancer and a 50 percent chance of ovarian cancer.
醫生檢驗了裘莉，認定她罹患乳癌的機率為百分之八十七，卵巢癌的機率為百分之五十。

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She writes, "Once I knew that this was my reality, I decided to be proactive and to minimize the risk as much I could.
她寫道：「我一得知我的狀況是如此，就決定採取主動，盡我所能把風險降到最低。

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I made a decision to have a preventative double mastectomy.
我決定接受預防性雙乳切除術。

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I started with the breasts as my risk of breast cancer is higher than my risk of ovarian cancer, and the surgery is more complex."
我從乳房開始，因為我罹患乳癌的風險比卵巢癌高，而且切除乳房的手術也比較複雜。」

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It was a three-step process for Jolie, who had reconstructive surgery after her breast tissue was removed.
對於裘莉而言，這是一項三階段的療程，她在乳房組織切除之後還接受了重建手術。

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"On a personal note, I do not feel any less of a woman," Jolie writes.
「就個人而言，我絲毫不覺得自己因此而減少女人味，」裘莉寫道：

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"I feel empowered that I made a strong choice that in no way diminishes my femininity."
「我覺得自己更有力量，因為我做出了一個堅強的決定，但是對我的女性特質沒有任何影響。」

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Beyond movies and magazine covers, Jolie is also a humanitarian who has visited refugee camps all over the world for the United Nations.
除了拍攝電影與雜誌封面之外，裘莉也是一位人道主義者，代表聯合國探訪了世界各地的難民營。

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Jolie continued on her work despite her surgeries.
儘管接受手術，裘莉仍然繼續從事她的工作。

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In March, right after her second surgery, she took this trip to eastern Congo with Channel 4 News to bring attention to sexual violence in war zones.
三月時，就在她接受第二次手術之後，她隨同第四頻道新聞節目前往剛果東部，喚起世人對戰區性暴力問題的注意。

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The next month, she showed up on the red carpet wearing a long black cape.
次月，她又穿上黑色長披肩現身紅毯。

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She writes, "I wanted to write this to tell other women that the decision to have a mastectomy was not easy, but it is one I am very happy that I made.
她寫道：「我希望寫這篇文章告訴其他女性，做出接受乳房切除術的決定並不容易，但我很高興自己做了這項決定。

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I can tell my children that they don't need to fear they will lose me to breast cancer."
我可以告訴我的孩子說，他們不必擔心因為乳癌而失去我。」

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Well, Zoraida Sambolin, co-anchor of CNN's "Early Start," was diagnosed with breast cancer just five weeks ago, with a very early form of breast cancer.
本台《早起》節目的共同主播柔瑞達．山姆波林在五週前才剛被診斷出乳癌，屬於相當初期的乳癌。

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She hasn't been tested for the breast cancer gene mutations, but she's decided, like Angelina Jolie, to have a double mastectomy.
她還沒接受乳癌基因變異的檢查，但她和安潔莉娜．裘莉一樣決定接受雙乳切除術。

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She hadn't shared her news with colleagues or the public until this morning and says that Jolie's openness empowered her to go public about her own decision.
她直到今天上午才向同事或大眾分享她罹癌這件事，並且表示裘莉的開誠佈公給了她公開自身決定的勇氣。

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Zoraida joins me now, along with chief medical correspondent, Dr. Sanjay Gupta.
現在，柔瑞達與首席醫學特派員桑杰．古普塔博士一起和我現場連線。

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Sanjay, Angelina Jolie's surgery was preventative. She didn't have breast cancer. She had a genetic mutation.
桑杰，安潔莉娜．裘莉的手術是預防性的。她沒有罹患乳癌，但帶有一種基因變異。

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How common is a double mastectomy in cases like hers?
像她這樣接受雙乳切除術的例子有多普遍？

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Well, it's becoming increasingly common, Anderson, no question about it, as the testing has certainly gotten more sophisticated.
安德森，這種案例已愈來愈普遍，這點是毫無疑問的，因為檢驗技術肯定是愈來愈精密了。

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And typically the scenario is that you go through genetic counseling first, so you have some idea when you get the test results back what they're going to mean.
目前典型的做法就是你先接受基因諮詢，以便檢驗結果出爐時，就會對其中代表的意思有點概念。

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And then when the test results come back, you go through it again, as well as psychological counseling.
等到檢驗結果出爐之後，再諮詢一遍，並且接受心理諮商。

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If the decision is to go ahead and do the operation to remove both breasts, it's usually done fairly quickly, you know, within a month or so.
如果你決定這麼做，接受手術切除雙乳，通常手術會很快進行，會在一個月左右以內的時間。

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But there are other options.
不過，也有其他選項。

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Some people may say, "Look, I'm going to just be more vigilant about getting studies to look at the breasts and see if anything, any cancer is developing."
有些人可能會說：「我只打算提高警覺，多瞭解並檢查乳房，看看是否有什麼癌症的徵象出現。」

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Some people may go on a medication to try and delay onset of cancer.
有些人可能會採用服藥，盡量延後癌症發生的時間。

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But one thing that's worth pointing out is... even since I trained, Anderson, is that the reconstructive techniques surrounding this are so much better.
不過，安德森，有一件事值得一提……從我接受醫學訓練以來，現在的乳房相關重建技術已經進步許多。

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So if someone goes to sleep under general anesthesia knowing that they're gonna have the mastectomy, but then they wake up with the reconstruction already done.
所以病患在自知接受乳房切除手術下全身麻醉陷入昏睡，但等到醒來時，重建手術也已經完成了。

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So it's changed a lot, Anderson.
這方面確實改變了很多，安德森。