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Now, let's take a closer look at 3-D printing technology.
現在，且讓我們來進一步認識立體列印科技。

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Now, it's made headlines this week after that shocking announcement from a Texas-based company called Defense Distributed.
這項科技在本週登上了新聞頭條，因為一家名為分配防衛的德州公司發表了一項令人震驚的消息。

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It claims that it has successfully fired the world's first gun that was made using a 3-D printer.
該公司宣稱他們已成功擊發世界上第一把利用立體印表機印製而成的手槍。

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Now, this video posted on the group's Web site appears to show the weapon being fired and a Forbes writer witnessed the event.
發布於該公司網站上的這段影片呈現了那把武器被擊發，一名《富比士》的撰稿人目睹了實況。

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So, what exactly is 3-D printing?
那麼，立體列印到底是什麼？

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Well, instead of using ink like regular printers, 3-D printers use materials like plastic.
立體印表機不像一般印表機使用墨水，而是使用像塑膠這樣的材料。

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They take a digital image that you can create using modeling software on a computer,
立體印表機接收使用者利用電腦上的塑型軟體製作出來的數位影像，

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and then print it out by building up layer on layer of material to create complex solid objects.
然後藉著堆疊一層層的材料印製出複雜的固體物件。

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Now, car parts, prosthetic limbs, even human tissue had been 3-D printed by manufacturers and doctors who have been using this technique for decades.
汽車零件、義肢乃至人體組織都曾用立體列印而成，製造商與醫生採用這種技術已有數十年之久。

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And thanks to cheaper 3-D printer models, the technology is now available to anyone with around $1,000 to spare.
多虧了較為平價的立體印表機機型，現在任何人只要花一千美元左右，即可取得這項科技。

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And for more, let's bring in our regular contributor, a senior editor at the NewYorker.com, Nicolas Thompson, who joins us live from New York.
接下來，請到我們的固定供稿記者尼可拉斯．湯普森。他是《紐約客》網站的資深編輯，在紐約與我們現場連線。

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And Nick, let's back up a bit.
尼可，讓我們回顧一下。

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For years now, product designers have been using 3-D printers for prototyping, right?
產品設計師使用立體印表機製作產品原型已經行之有年了，對不對？

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Absolutely. I mean, people who design houses, for example, have been using 3-D printers for years.
一點也沒錯。舉例來說，設計房屋的人使用立體印表機已經有許多年了。

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People who design airplanes, people who design any sort of complex system --
設計飛機以及各種複雜系統的人——

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the precision that 3-D printing allows and the ability to have flexible designs to change and to say,
立體列印具有高度的精確性，又可讓人享有設計上的彈性做修改，可以說：

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"Wait, what if I make this part slightly differently, what will it look like?"
「等一下，我要是把這個部分做得稍微一樣，看起來會是什麼模樣？」

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-- they've been the early adopters of 3-D printing. They've pushed this technology forward,
——這些人是立體列印的早期採用者。他們推動了這項科技的發展。

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and they've helped push it from something on the... you know, something minor, something on the fringes, to something that's now becoming ever more mainstream.
在他們的協助推廣下，這種科技從……原本的小眾、邊緣地位到現在變得愈來愈主流。

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It's gonna change a lot of manufacturing.
這項技術將會大幅改變製造業。

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There are certain things for mass production, for example, where 3-D printing doesn't work.
不過，比方說，有些需要大量生產的物品是立體列印派不上用場的。

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3-D printing doesn't really give you great economies of scale. You have to do the same thing each time.
立體列印無法帶來大量的規模經濟，每次都必須重複做出所有的動作。

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Injection molds give you great economies of scale.
射出模具才能提供大量的規模經濟，

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So there are lots of things where huge companies will still make them in huge factories using the traditional methods.
所以有許多東西大公司還是會在大型工廠裡利用傳統方法生產。

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However, for small intricate things, it's gonna become vastly, vastly more efficient.
不過，對於精細的小型物品來說，就會變得非常、非常有效率。

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And it's gonna shake up industries, sometimes for the good and sometimes for the bad.
而且，這種技術也將會撼動產業，帶來的結果則可能有好有壞。

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So let's talk about jewelry for a second.
那麼，讓我們來談一下珠寶。

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It's great, right, because you can design your own things. Somebody in their own house could make their own jewelry.
這樣的技術很棒，對吧，因為你可以設計自己的東西，可以在自己的家裡設計自己的珠寶。

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Suddenly, you have all these start-ups.
突然間就出現了許多新創公司。

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But there's also this problem where you see an earring you really like and you can rip it off,
不過，另外也有一個問題，就是你如果看見一對你很喜歡的耳環，你就可以加以仿造，

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so it suddenly makes IP much harder to protect.
所以智慧財產一下子就會變得更難保護。

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So there's legal concerns with possible IP theft. But there's also something else.
所以，這種技術在法律上可能會有剽竊智財的顧慮。但除此之外，還有其他問題。

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And going back to that printed gun, that 3-D printed gun, it's leading to a lot of worries in Congress.
回到那把列印出來的槍枝，那把立體列印手槍。這件事情在國會引起許多憂慮。

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So should 3-D printing be regulated?
立體列印是否應該受到管制呢？

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That's an extremely hard question, right.
這是個非常困難的問題。

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So we do have a 3-D printed gun, and there's a whole community of people who believe that in the era of bitcoin and 3-D printers, you know,
現在確實出現了一把立體列印手槍，也有一大群人認為，在虛擬貨幣與立體列印的時代裡，

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we'll be able to [be] self-sufficient anarchists.
我們能作自給自足的無政府主義者。

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And you don't really want to encourage or enable that crowd, but what happens when you start to regulate it?
我們其實不想鼓勵那群人或者為他們賦予能力，可是一旦開始管制這項技術，會有什麼後果呢？

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Well, you get a whole bunch of problems. It's very hard for Congress to regulate an emerging, fast-changing technology.
會產生一大堆的問題。國會很難管制一種變化快速的新興科技。

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It's also something there... it's very important to the United States to be strong in 3-D printing, right.
還有一點……重要的是，美國在立體列印方面必須要很強，

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China is becoming very... you know, growing very quickly in 3-D printing.
因為中國變得很……在立體列印這方面成長得很快。

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There is a story in The Economist about 3-D printed airplane parts in China right now.
《經濟學人》裡有一篇報導，談到了中國現在有立體列印的飛機零件。

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Barack Obama in the State of the Union mentioned 3-D printing as something where he sees real hope for America.
歐巴馬在國情咨文裡提到，他認為立體列印是美國真正的希望所在。

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So, you don't want to cut if off with intrusive regulation,
所以說，你不會想要以侵入性的管制方式扼殺這項技術，

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but you do want to make sure that you protect intellectual property and you prevent the creation of terrible things like homemade weapons that can't be regulated.
但又想確保能夠保護智慧財產，並且防止有人製造可怕的物品，例如無法管制的自製武器。

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So, very tough choices for Congress right now.
所以，現在國會面臨了非常棘手的選擇。