So, tonight, in "Toxic Childhood," we ask questions. 在今晚的《有毒的童年》裡，我們要提出問題。
How are common chemicals impacting the health of our children, 常見的化學物質如何影響我們孩童的健康？
and what can we do to minimize the risks for our kids? 我們又能為孩子做什麼才能盡量降低風險？
As a reporter, a doctor, and most importantly as a father of three, I believe it's time for some real answers. 身為一位記者、醫生，更重要的是身為三個小孩的父親，我相信該是得到真實答案的時候了。
So, we begin tonight with the very latest science 今晚我們首先要看看一個最新的科學研究，
that reveals a broad mix of chemicals now entering our children's bodies before they're even born. 揭露進入我們孩子體內各種混合的化學物質，甚至在他們出生之前。
We imagine a baby sort of nice and safe and tucked away in the womb, impervious to all the assaults that occur on the body. 我們想像嬰兒應該是舒服安全地窩在子宮裡，不受身體的侵害影響。
You say, not so fast? 你是說，別那麼快下定論？
Not so fast. The placenta is doing its work as well as it can, 對，別那麼快。胎盤會盡其所能發揮功能，
but it is not a perfect barrier, and many chemicals do pass relatively easily across the placenta. 但並不是個完美的屏障，許多化學物質能相當輕易從胎盤進入。
Chemicals in here? Babies are born every day, with not one, not two, but hundreds of toxic substances. 子宮裡有化學物質？每天都有嬰兒誕生，帶有的有毒物質不只一、二種，而是數百種。
In a study by the Environmental Working Group, a nonprofit environmental advocacy organization, 非營利的環保倡議組織環境工作團隊有一項研究指出，
an average of 232 chemicals were measured in the cord blood of 10 babies born late last year. 在去年底出生的十位寶寶的臍帶血中測出平均有二百三十二種的化學物質。
Now, there's no science yet that demonstrates conclusive cause and effect between this mix of toxins our children are born with and particular health problems. 目前還沒有科學研究顯示孩童出生帶有的混合毒素，和特定的健康問題有絕對的因果關係。
But many leading pediatricians believe it's precisely what we do not know that makes this so troubling. 但許多頂尖的小兒科醫生相信，正因為我們不了解才讓這個狀況這麼麻煩。
For 80 percent of the common chemicals in everyday use in this country, 對於百分之八十本國內日常使用的常見化學物質，
we know almost nothing about whether or not they can damage the brains of children, 我們幾乎完全不知道它們是否會傷害孩童的腦部、
the immune system, the reproductive system, the other developing organs. 免疫系統、生殖系統或其他發育中的器官。
It's a...it's really a terrible mess we've gotten ourselves into. 這……這真的是個我們自找的混亂惡果。
The list of chemicals measured in cord blood is, well, long: 在臍帶血中測到的化學物質名單很長：
PBDEs, flame retardants in computers, televisions, mattresses, furniture; 多溴二苯醚，用在電腦、電視、床墊、傢俱中的阻燃劑；
BPA in food cans, bottle tops, hard plastics; 雙酚 A，存在於食物罐頭、瓶蓋、硬塑膠製品；
PFCs, water repellents used to make nonstick products, food packaging, carpeting, furniture; 全氟碳化合物，用來製造不沾黏的產品、食物包裝、地毯、傢俱的防水劑；
phthalates, found in a wide array of products, from children's toys to cosmetics. 鄰苯二甲酸鹽，在各種產品中都找得到，從兒童玩具到化妝品。
Dr. Frederica Perera is 12 years into a landmark study at Columbia University's Center for Children's Environmental Health, 芙蕾德芮卡．佩瑞拉醫生在哥倫比亞公共衛生學院花了十二年進行一項卓越的研究，
following hundreds of pregnant women as they navigate these city streets, 他們追蹤數百名懷孕婦女穿梭這些城市街道，
measuring their exposure to toxic substances, vehicle emissions, pesticides, second-hand smoke. 測量她們暴露於哪些有毒物質、汽車廢氣、殺蟲劑和二手菸。
Each one wears a backpack with a tube that acts like a lung, sucking in the same air that they're breathing. 每個人都穿戴上一個背包，結合一條導管當作肺臟，吸進和她們呼吸時等量的空氣。
What researchers found was stunning. 研究人員發現驚人的結果。
It surprised me when we analyzed the air samples and found that 100 percent of them had detectable levels of at least one pesticide 讓我驚訝的是，我們分析空氣樣本時發現她們百分之百都有至少一種殺蟲劑到達可偵測標準，
and the air pollutants that we were interested in, every single one. 還有我們關切的空氣污染物，每個人都有。
A hundred percent had pesticides, pollutants that scientists were testing for, eventually making their way from mom into the womb. 百分之百都有殺蟲劑和科學家會檢測的污染物，最後都會從母體進入子宮。
Now, it would be one thing if these chemicals were innocuous, 如果這些化學物質無害，那就令當別論，
but studies in both animals and humans suggest they may not be. 但是動物和人體的研究都顯示可能並非如此。