WEBVTT

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Dozens of people died from this year's E. coli outbreak in Europe. It could have been worse if not for the very latest medical technology.
好幾十個人因今年歐洲爆發的大腸桿菌疫情死亡，要不是這項最新的醫學科技，結果恐怕更嚴重。

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The Personal Genome Machine was able to decode that special strain of E. coli in three days instead of two weeks. And it was all done at the fraction of a cost.
個人化操作基因組測序儀能在三天內破解特殊菌株的大腸桿菌，而不用到兩個禮拜，而且全程只需要花費些許成本。

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Jonathan Rothberg is the inventor of the machine, and he now shares with us the personal motivation behind how he broke the mold.
強納森‧羅素伯格是該機器的發明人，他現在要與我們分享他創新發明背後的個人動機。

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I'm Jonathan Rothberg and I invented the Personal Genome Machine. The Personal Genome Machine is a fast method to read DNA. 
我是強納森‧羅素伯格，我發明了個人化操作基因組測序儀，這台機器提供了快速讀取 DNA 的方法。

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The first map of the genome was done for [$]3 billion and it was 50 or more people come... collected together and we decoded what was common.
首次完成的基因圖譜耗資三十億美元，而且它收集了五十人以上的基因，再解讀相同的部份。

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My vision was of something called personal medicine, where you would sequence an individual's genome and that individual, right at birth, 
我的願景是一種稱為個人醫療的東西，你可以用它來做個人基因定序，就在那個人一出生的時候，

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and we would be able to help that person through their whole life.
然後我們就能幫助他一輩子。

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Now, I was motivated to sequence my son when he went to the newborn intensive care unit. 
我是因為兒子進了新生兒加護病房而有了排序我兒子基因的念頭。

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So that was breaking the mold because everybody said it's impossible, 
這當時打破了一般人的成見，因為大家說這不可能做到，

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that I needed a fast way to decode his genome, to have the code of life for my son, 
我需要一個快速解讀他基因的方法來取得我兒子的生命密碼，

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so I'd understand why he was in the emergency room and how best to treat his condition.
這樣我才能瞭解為什麼他會進加護病房，以及治療他病況的最好辦法。

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And I created my first high-throughput sequencing company, and we were able to unravel a lot of mysteries that were based on DNA.
接著我創立自己第一家高產量的基因排序公司，我們能解開許多 DNA 相關的秘密。

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I was talking to my son, how my machine had been used to do the first personal genome, and he said, Dad, you know, why don't you make a new reader?
那時我告訴我兒子我的儀器如何進行首次個人基因定序，然後他說，爸，你何不製造一個新的解讀器？

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And I was telling him wouldn't it be better if you could tell what he was thinking or if you could like read his mind in some way?
我告訴他說，如果你能知道他在想什麼，或是你能透過某種方式解讀他的心智，那不是更好嗎？

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And I had this moment when he said that, I said, my God, why don't I make a machine that reads chemistry?
他說那些話的時候，我有了這個念頭，我說，我的天，為什麼我不製作一台可以解讀化學物質的機器呢？

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And I said, hey, my cell phone has a little chip in it. Why don't I make a chip that sees chemistry?
我說，對了，就像我的手機裡面有一塊小晶片，為什麼我不做一塊可以知曉化學物質的晶片呢？

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And we were able to put the entire sequencing machine on a disposable chip. 
後來我們想辦法將整個定序儀器建置在一個拋棄式晶片上。

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And instead of taking weeks to get your results, you literally can take a specimen, 
不用再耗費數週的時間才能獲得結果，你真的可以取一個樣本，

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whether it's human or bacteria, put it on the chip, put it in the machine and two hours later, you have your result.
不論是人類或是細菌，將它放在晶片上，再放進機器中，兩小時後，你就可以獲得結果了。

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This is a new age. People wouldn't... don't argue with you if you say sequencing will be as big as medical imaging. 
這是一個新的時代。如果你說基因定序將會和醫學顯影一樣有龐大商機，人們並不會反駁。

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It will be a $100 billion business. But the most important thing, it will save money. Right now, I'm sequencing on working with Life Technologies. 
它將是一個千億產值的市場。但最重要的是，它可以省錢。現在，我正在和生命科技公司合作基因定序。

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I feel very confident that the next decade, this decade, 
我有十足信心，下一個十年、這個十年間，

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will see us unraveling the genetic code of cancer and making drugs that turn it into a chronic disease.
將可以看見我們解開癌症的基因密碼，並且製造出將癌症轉化成慢性疾病的藥。

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The highest level, it's personal. My daughter was diagnosed with a genetic disorder, tubular sclerosis. 
最重要的是，這和我個人有關。我的女兒被診斷出有遺傳性疾病──管狀組織硬化。

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She was six months old and a physician told me she may never speak. God forbid someone we love has cancer. 
她現在六個月大，一位醫生告訴我她將來可能沒有辦法說話。但願上帝保佑我們愛的人不會罹患癌症。

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I want them to be able to use diagnostics that came from Personal Genome Machine sequencing. 
我希望他們能用得上個人化操作基因組測序儀定序得出的診斷。

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So every day, I'm driven to make the world safer, better for the ones I love.
因此每一天，我都激勵自己要讓這個世界更安全、更美好，為了我愛的人們。