Five-year-old Ella Kroese needs a new heart. 五歲大的艾拉．克羅斯需要一顆新的心臟。
She was born with a serious heart defect. 她天生患有嚴重的心臟缺陷，
Three open-heart surgeries weren't enough to fix it. 動過三次開心手術仍不足以矯正，
Only the right-sized heart with the right blood type will do. 只有換一顆大小適當而且血型相符的心臟才行。
And even though she's in the top-priority category for a transplant, she's been waiting for months. 儘管她屬於移植手術的優先類別，卻已經等待好幾個月了。
Thousands of Americans like Ella are on the national waiting list for a new heart, according to the U.S. government. 根據美國政府的資料，美國全國有成千上萬的民眾都像艾拉這樣等待著移植新的心臟。
And even if they get one, their bodies may reject it. 而且，就算他們等到了心臟，他們的身體也可能會產生排斥反應。
But, what if doctors could manufacture a heart with a patient's own cells using a 3-D printer, 不過，如果醫生能夠使用立體列印機以病患本身的細胞製造出一顆心臟呢，
that new machine that makes everything from food to shoes to cars? 就是那種能夠印出食物、鞋子乃至汽車等各種物品的新奇機器？
If that sounds like a pipe dream, say hello to the BioAssemblyBot. 如果你覺得這像是異想天開，那麼就向 BioAssemblyBot 打聲招呼吧。
It's a robot that can already print several parts of the heart. 這種機器人已經能夠列印出心臟的若干部分。
I can tell the robot printer: build this for us. 我可以對列印機器人下指令：為我們製造這個。
This is what we're going to print for you. 這就是我們要為你列印的東西。
Blood vessels, heart valves and the heart's walls -- it can print these parts with living human cells, 血管、心臟瓣膜與心壁——這部機器能夠用人類的活體細胞列印出這些，
and one of its masterminds believes it can print an entire heart within a moon-shot time frame. 而且它背後的一名發想者認為，假以時日，它可以列印出一顆完整的心臟。
And I really think that if we put a large team together, which we are, I think we can get there within 10 years. 我真心認為，我們如果組成一個大型團隊——我們現在就是——那麼我想我們在十年內就能夠達到那個目標。
Dr. Stuart Williams at the University of Louisville leads the team that's working toward this goal. 路易維爾大學的史都華．威廉斯博士帶領努力追求這個目標的團隊。
And for Williams, the goal is personal. 對於威廉斯而言，這是一項與他切身相關的目標。
My dad died of heart disease, and the devices, the instruments that would really have been necessary to keep his heart functioning were not available at that time. 我爸爸死於心臟病，能夠維持他心臟運作實在必須的那些設備與儀器在當時還不存在。
So, it really grew out of a personal vendetta that I had against cardiovascular pathology. 所以，我追求的這項目標實在是衍生自我個人對心血管病理學的懊恨。
Now, he and his colleagues are pioneers in the field of bio-printing, ... 現在，他和他的同僚是生物列印領域的先驅，……
We're taking biology and making it IT. 我們把生物學轉變為資訊科學。
...having built a six-axis robot that they say would create a heart right in the operating room. ……製造了一部六軸機器人，他們聲稱能夠直接在手術室裡創造出一顆心臟。
What would this look like visually? I'm still trying to understand. 這種實際上看起來會是什麼樣子？我還在試著瞭解。
You'd press a button, and this thing would actually print a heart? Is that what would happen? 你只要按下按鈕，這個東西就真的會列印出一顆心臟嗎？是不是這樣？
Precisely. That is the plan. 沒錯，這就是我們的計畫。
MRI images of a healthy heart would be converted into a digital 3-D model. 一顆健康心臟的磁振造影影像會被轉成數位立體模型。
Then the patient's own fat would be taken out and converted into the different cells that make up the heart. 接著，取出病患的自體脂肪，轉化為構成心臟的各種不同細胞。
We now have these incredible capabilities to take an adult cell and transform it into other types of cells. 現在，我們已具備這些令人難以置信的能力，能夠將一個成人的細胞轉變為其他種類的細胞。
Parts of the heart would then be bio-printed piece by piece, and soon you would have a new heart. 接下來，心臟的各個部分就會以生物列印的方式一一列印出來，不久你就會得到一顆新的心臟。
How long would it take to print a heart? 列印一顆心臟需要多少時間？
The printing of the heart, I believe, could be accomplished in essentially a single day. 我相信列印心臟基本上在一天內就可以完成。
Dr. Williams and his team aren't the only bio-printers on the block. 威廉斯博士和他的團隊不是檯面上唯一研究生物列印的人士。
A group at Cornell University has bio-printed a human ear. 康乃爾大學的一個團隊已經利用生物列印技術印出了一隻人耳。
Cold collagen gel being deposited onto the warm plate. 冷膠原凝膠層層堆疊在溫熱的玻片上。
What that enables you to get is really sharp edges and really sharp boundaries. 這麼一來，就可以相當有稜有角，輪廓邊界也相當鮮明。
It takes Dr. Larry Bonassar and his team just 15 minutes to print one. 勞倫斯．波奈瑟博士和他的團隊只花了十五分鐘就列印出一隻耳朵。
They're pretty robust. 這樣列印出來的成果相當健全。
You know, I can pick them up, and they can bend and they can do all the things that normal cartilage should do. 我可以把這東西拿起來，這東西可以彎曲，具備正常軟骨所有相同的功能。
3-D printed ears and other body parts, Bonassar estimates, ... 波奈瑟估計，立體列印的耳朵及其他身體部位……
This is a meniscus. 這是個半月軟骨。
...could be used in human trials in less than five years. ……五年內就可以進行人體試驗。
It brings the ability to make thousands, millions of tissues and to customize them for individual people. 這種技術能夠製造出數千、數百萬的組織，並且為每個人量身訂做。
And the heart has one major blood vessel called the left main artery. 心臟有一條主要血管，稱為左主動脈。
And what's stopping us from making better organs, asked Dr. Williams. 威廉斯博士問道，我們有什麼理由不能製造出更好的器官呢？
Whoever put this original plan together, put one major blood vessel leading into the left side, the major part of the heart. 當初不論是誰設計了人體，把一條主要血管通入左側，也就是心臟的主要部分。
And when that vessel becomes dysfunctional, we call it "the widow maker." 一旦這條血管的功能出現障礙，我們稱之為「寡婦製造者」。
When that vessel fails, a patient will often die. 當這條血管無法正常運作，病患通常會死亡。
So, we can build a new heart based upon a design that has two or three blood vessels, a redundancy in this organ. 所以，我們可以做一顆新的心臟，設計成有兩條或三條血管，為這個器官設置冗餘結構。
Do you sometimes worry that you are playing god, that you're actually creating human beings, parts of human beings? 你有時候會不會擔心自己是在扮演上帝，擔心自己其實是在創造人，創造人體的部位？
Well, I don't worry about that, but I certainly hope that this technology can benefit as many people as possible. 我不擔心這一點，但我確實希望這項科技可以盡可能造福更多的人。